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24-Hour national dietary survey data: how do we interpret them most effectively?

Mackerras, Dorothy E. M. and Rutishauser, Ingrid (2005). 24-Hour national dietary survey data: how do we interpret them most effectively?. Public Health Nutrition,8(6):657-665.

Document type: Journal Article
Citation counts: Scopus Citation Count Cited 15 times in Scopus Article | Citations
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Title 24-Hour national dietary survey data: how do we interpret them most effectively?
Author Mackerras, Dorothy E. M.
Rutishauser, Ingrid
Journal Name Public Health Nutrition
Publication Date 2005
Volume Number 8
Issue Number 6
ISSN 1368-9800   (check CDU catalogue open catalogue search in new window)
Scopus ID 2-s2.0-27644444058
Start Page 657
End Page 665
Total Pages 9
Place of Publication United Kingdom
Publisher Cambridge University Press
HERDC Category C1 - Journal Article (DEST)
Abstract Objective
To illustrate the effect of common mistakes when using 24-hour national dietary survey data to estimate the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes.

Design
Raw data on nutrient intake from the Australian 1995 National Nutrition Survey were adjusted for within-person variance using standard techniques and corrected for underreporting using the criteria of Goldberg et al. The distributions for six nutrients were compared with current dietary reference values from the UK, USA and Australia.

Setting
A national sample of the Australian population with a 61.4% response rate.

Results
Adjusting for within-person variance reduced the range of nutrient intakes to 66–80% of the raw data range and the proportion with intakes below the estimated average requirement (EAR) by up to 20%. Excluding underreporters further reduced the proportion below the EAR by up to 10%. Using the dietary reference values from different countries also resulted in some markedly different estimates. For example, the prevalence of low folate intakes ranged from <1 to 92% for adult women depending on the reference used. Except for vitamin A and protein, the prevalence of low intakes was invariably higher for women than for men.

Conclusions
Estimates of the prevalence of low nutrient intakes based on raw 24-hour survey data are invariably misleading. However, even after adjustment for within-person variance and underreporting, estimates of the prevalence of low nutrient intakes may still be misleading unless interpreted in the light of the reference criteria used and supported by relevant biochemical and physiological measures of nutritional status.
Keywords Dietary assessment
Estimated average requirement
Recommended dietary intake
Within-person variance
Underreporting
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/PHN2005720   (check subscription with CDU E-Gateway service for CDU Staff and Students  check subscription with CDU E-Gateway in new window)
Additional Notes Copyright by the Cambridge University Press


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