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Sentinel surveillance for human enterovirus 71 in Sarawak, Malaysia: lessons from the first 7 years

Podin, Yuwana, Gias, Edna L. M., Ong, Flora, Leong, Yee-Wei, Yee, Siew-Fung, Yusof, Mohd Apandi, Perera, David, Teo, Bibiana, Wee, Thian-Yew, Yao, Sik-Chi, Yao, Sik-King, Kiyu, Andrew, Arif, Mohd Taha and Cardosa, Mary Jane (2006). Sentinel surveillance for human enterovirus 71 in Sarawak, Malaysia: lessons from the first 7 years. BMC Public Health,6(1):180-189.

Document type: Journal Article
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Title Sentinel surveillance for human enterovirus 71 in Sarawak, Malaysia: lessons from the first 7 years
Author Podin, Yuwana
Gias, Edna L. M.
Ong, Flora
Leong, Yee-Wei
Yee, Siew-Fung
Yusof, Mohd Apandi
Perera, David
Teo, Bibiana
Wee, Thian-Yew
Yao, Sik-Chi
Yao, Sik-King
Kiyu, Andrew
Arif, Mohd Taha
Cardosa, Mary Jane
Journal Name BMC Public Health
Publication Date 2006
Volume Number 6
Issue Number 1
ISSN 1471-2458   (check CDU catalogue open catalogue search in new window)
Start Page 180
End Page 189
Total Pages 10
Place of Publication United Kingdom
Publisher BioMed Central Ltd.
Abstract Background: A major outbreak of human enterovirus 71-associated hand, foot and mouth disease in Sarawak in 1997 marked the beginning of a series of outbreaks in the Asia Pacific region. Some of these outbreaks had unusually high numbers of fatalities and this generated much fear and anxiety in the region.

Methods: We established a sentinel surveillance programme for hand, foot and mouth disease in Sarawak, Malaysia, in March 1998, and the observations of the first 7 years are described here. Virus isolation, serotyping and genotyping were performed on throat, rectal, vesicle and other swabs.

Results: During this period Sarawak had two outbreaks of human enterovirus 71, in 2000 and 2003. The predominant strains circulating in the outbreaks of 1997, 2000 and 2003 were all from genogroup B, but the strains isolated during each outbreak were genetically distinct from each other. Human enterovirus 71 outbreaks occurred in a cyclical pattern every three years and Coxsackievirus A16 co-circulated with human enterovirus 71. Although vesicles were most likely to yield an isolate, this sample was not generally available from most cases and obtaining throat swabs was thus found to be the most efficient way to obtain virological information.

Conclusion: Knowledge of the epidemiology of human enterovirus 71 transmission will allow public health personnel to predict when outbreaks might occur and to plan interventions in an effective manner in order to reduce the burden of disease.
Keywords human enterovirus 71-associated hand, foot and mouth disease
Sarawak
1997
outbreak
fear and anxiety
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-6-180   (check subscription with CDU E-Gateway service for CDU Staff and Students  check subscription with CDU E-Gateway in new window)


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