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A Very early-branching staphylococcus aureus lineage lacking the carotenoid pigment staphyloxanthin

Holt, Deborah C., Holden, Matthew T. G., Tong, Steven Y. C., Castillo-Ramirez, Santiago, Clark, Louise A., Quail, Michael A., Currie, Bart J., Parkhill, Julian, Bentley, Stephen D., Feil, Edward J. and Giffard, Philip M. (2011). A Very early-branching staphylococcus aureus lineage lacking the carotenoid pigment staphyloxanthin. Genome Biology and Evolution,3:881-895.

Document type: Journal Article
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Title A Very early-branching staphylococcus aureus lineage lacking the carotenoid pigment staphyloxanthin
Author Holt, Deborah C.
Holden, Matthew T. G.
Tong, Steven Y. C.
Castillo-Ramirez, Santiago
Clark, Louise A.
Quail, Michael A.
Currie, Bart J.
Parkhill, Julian
Bentley, Stephen D.
Feil, Edward J.
Giffard, Philip M.
Journal Name Genome Biology and Evolution
Publication Date 2011
Volume Number 3
ISSN 1759-6653   (check CDU catalogue open catalogue search in new window)
Start Page 881
End Page 895
Total Pages 15
Place of Publication United Kingdom
Publisher Oxford University Press
HERDC Category C1 - Journal Article (DIISR)
Abstract Here we discuss the evolution of the northern Australian Staphylococcus aureus isolate MSHR1132 genome. MSHR1132
belongs to the divergent clonal complex 75 lineage. The average nucleotide divergence between orthologous genes in
MSHR1132 and typical S. aureus is approximately sevenfold greater than the maximum divergence observed in this species
to date. MSHR1132 has a small accessory genome, which includes the well-characterized genomic islands, mSAa and mSab, suggesting that these elements were acquired well before the expansion of the typical S. aureus population. Other mobile elements show mosaic structure (the prophage uSa3) or evidence of recent acquisition from a typical S. aureus lineage (SCCmec, ICE6013 and plasmid pMSHR1132).

There are two differences in gene repertoire compared with typical S. aureus that may be significant clues as to the genetic basis underlying the successful emergence of S. aureus as a pathogen.

First, MSHR1132 lacks the genes for production of staphyloxanthin, the carotenoid pigment that confers upon S. aureus its characteristic golden color and protects against oxidative stress. The lack of pigment was demonstrated in 126 of 126 CC75 isolates.

Second, a mobile clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) element is inserted into orfX of MSHR1132. Although common in other staphylococcal species, these elements are very rare within S. aureus and may impact accessory genome acquisition. The CRISPR spacer sequences reveal a history of attempted invasion by known S. aureus mobile elements. There is a case for the creation of a new taxon to accommodate this and related isolates.
Keywords bacterial species
staphyloxanthin
CRISPR
positive selection
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evr078   (check subscription with CDU E-Gateway service for CDU Staff and Students  check subscription with CDU E-Gateway in new window)


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