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'Candidatus Phytoplasma', a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects

Firrao, G., Andersen, M., Bertaccini, A., Boudon, E., Bove, J. M., Daire, X., Davis, R. E., Fletcher, J., Garnier, M., Gibb, Karen S., Gundersen-Rindal, D. E., Harrison, N., Hiruki, C., Kirkpatrick, B. C., Jones, P., Kuske, C. R., Lee, I. M., Liefting, L., Marcone, C., Streten, C and et al. (2004). 'Candidatus Phytoplasma', a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,54(4):1243-1255.

Document type: Journal Article
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Title 'Candidatus Phytoplasma', a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects
Author Firrao, G.
Andersen, M.
Bertaccini, A.
Boudon, E.
Bove, J. M.
Daire, X.
Davis, R. E.
Fletcher, J.
Garnier, M.
Gibb, Karen S.
Gundersen-Rindal, D. E.
Harrison, N.
Hiruki, C.
Kirkpatrick, B. C.
Jones, P.
Kuske, C. R.
Lee, I. M.
Liefting, L.
Marcone, C.
Streten, C
et al.
Journal Name International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
Publication Date 2004
Volume Number 54
Issue Number 4
ISSN 1466-5026   (check CDU catalogue  open catalogue search in new window)
Scopus ID 2-s2.0-4344657077
Start Page 1243
End Page 1255
Total Pages 13
Place of Publication Reading, England
Publisher Soc General Microbiology
HERDC Category C1 - Journal Article (DEST)
Abstract The trivial name 'phytoplasma' has been adopted to collectively name wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects, which were formerly known as mycoplasma-like organisms. Although phytoplasmas have not yet been cultivated in vitro, phylogenetic analyses based on various conserved genes have shown that they represent a distinct, monophyletic clade within the class Mollicutes. It is proposed here to accommodate phytoplasmas within the novel genus 'Candidatus (Ca.) Phytoplasma'. Given the diversity within 'Ca. Phytoplasma', several subtaxa are needed to accommodate organisms that share < 97-5% similarity among their 16S rRNA gene sequences. This report describes the properties of 'Ca. Phytoplasma', a taxon that includes the species 'Ca. Phytoplasma aurantifolia' (the prokaryote associated with witches'-broom disease of small-fruited acid lime), 'Ca. Phytoplasma australiense' (associated with Australian grapevine yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma fraxini' (associated with ash yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma japonicum' (associated with Japanese hydrangea phyllody), 'Ca. Phytoplasma brasiliense' (associated with hibiscus witches'-broom in Brazil), 'Ca. Phytoplasma castaneae' (associated with chestnut witches'-broom in Korea), 'Ca. Phytoplasma asteris' (associated with aster yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma mali' (associated with apple proliferation), 'Ca. Phytoplasma phoenicium' (associated with almond lethal disease), 'Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii' (associated with clover proliferation), 'Ca. Phytoplasma cynodontis' (associated with Bermuda grass white leaf), 'Ca. Phytoplasma ziziphi' (associated with jujube witches'-broom), 'Ca. Phytoplasma oryzae' (associated with rice yellow dwarf) and six species-level taxa for which the Candidatus species designation has not yet been formally proposed (for the phytoplasmas associated with X-disease of peach, grapevine flavescence doree, Central American coconut lethal yellows, Tanzanian lethal decline of coconut, Nigerian lethal decline of coconut and loofah witches'-broom, respectively). Additional species are needed to accommodate organisms that, despite their 16S rRNA gene sequence being >97.5% similar to those of other 'Ca. Phytoplasma' species, are characterized by distinctive biological, phytopathological and genetic properties. These include 'Ca. Phytoplasma pyri' (associated with pear decline), 'Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum' (associated with European stone fruit yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma spartii' (associated with spartium witches'-broom), 'Ca. Phytoplasma rhamni' (associated with buckthorn witches'-broom), 'Ca. Phytoplasma allocasuarinae' (associated with allocasuarina yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma ulmi' (associated with elm yellows) and an additional taxon for the stolbur phytoplasma. Conversely, some organisms, despite their 16S rRNA gene sequence being < 97-5% similar to that of any other 'Ca. Phytoplasma' species, are not presently described as Candidatus species, due to their poor overall characterization.
Keywords 16s ribosomal-rna
pathogenic mycoplasmalike organisms
witches-broom-disease
polymerase chain-reaction
western x-disease
cloned dna probes
aster yellows
phytopathogenic mollicutes
phylogenetic-relationships
sequence-analysis
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02854-0   (check subscription with CDU E-Gateway service for CDU Staff and Students  check subscription with CDU E-Gateway in new window)
Additional Notes School of Sciences and Primary Industries
Description for Link Link to Article
URL http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/54/4/1243?maxtoshow=&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=%27Candidatus+Phytoplasma%27%2C+a+taxon+for+the+wall-less%2C+non-helical+prokaryotes+tha&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT
 
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