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Special - Savanna patterns of energy and carbon integrated across the landscape

Beringer, Jason, Hacker, Jorg, Hutley, Lindsay B., Leuning, Ray, Arndt, Stefan K., Amiri, Reza, Bannehr, Lutz, Cernusak, Lucas A., Grover, Samantha P., Hensley, Carol, Hocking, Darren, Isaac, Peter, Jamali, Hizbullah, Kanniah, Kasturi D., Livesley, Stephen, Neininger, Bruno, U, Kyaw Tha Paw, Sea, William, Straten, Dennis, Weinmann, Richard A. and et al. (2011). Special - Savanna patterns of energy and carbon integrated across the landscape. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,92(11):1467-1685.

Document type: Journal Article
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IRMA ID 82057923xPUB104
Title Special - Savanna patterns of energy and carbon integrated across the landscape
Author Beringer, Jason
Hacker, Jorg
Hutley, Lindsay B.
Leuning, Ray
Arndt, Stefan K.
Amiri, Reza
Bannehr, Lutz
Cernusak, Lucas A.
Grover, Samantha P.
Hensley, Carol
Hocking, Darren
Isaac, Peter
Jamali, Hizbullah
Kanniah, Kasturi D.
Livesley, Stephen
Neininger, Bruno
U, Kyaw Tha Paw
Sea, William
Straten, Dennis
Weinmann, Richard A.
et al.
Journal Name Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Publication Date 2011
Volume Number 92
Issue Number 11
ISSN 1520-0477   (check CDU catalogue open catalogue search in new window)
Start Page 1467
End Page 1685
Total Pages 19
Place of Publication United States
Publisher American Meteorological Society
HERDC Category C1 - Journal Article (DIISR)
Abstract Savannas are highly significant global ecosystems that consist of a mix of trees and grasses and that are highly spatially varied in their physical structure, species composition, and physiological function (i.e., leaf area and function, stem density, albedo, and roughness). Variability in ecosystem characteristics alters biophysical and biogeochemical processes that can affect regional to global circulation patterns, which are not well characterized by land surface models. We initiated a multidisciplinary field campaign called Savanna Patterns of Energy and Carbon Integrated across the Landscape (SPECIAL) during the dry season in Australian savannas to understand the spatial patterns and processes of land surface–atmosphere exchanges (radiation, heat, moisture, CO2, and other trace gasses). We utilized a combination of multiscale measurements including fixed flux towers, aircraft-based flux transects, aircraft boundary layer budgets, and satellite remote sensing to quantify the spatial variability across a continental-scale rainfall gradient (transect). We found that the structure of vegetation changed along the transect in response to declining average rainfall. Tree basal area decreased from 9.6 m2 ha−1 in the coastal woodland savanna (annual rainfall 1,714 mm yr−1) to 0 m2 ha−1 at the grassland site (annual rainfall 535 mm yr−1), with dry-season green leaf area index (LAI) ranging from 1.04 to 0, respectively. Leaf-level measurements showed that photosynthetic properties were similar along the transect. Flux tower measurements showed that latent heat fluxes (LEs) decreased from north to south with resultant changes in the Bowen ratios (H/LE) from a minimum of 1.7 to a maximum of 15.8, respectively. Gross primary productivity, net carbon dioxide exchange, and LE showed similar declines along the transect and were well correlated with canopy LAI, and fluxes were more closely coupled to structure than floristic change.
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011BAMS2948.1   (check subscription with CDU E-Gateway service for CDU Staff and Students  check subscription with CDU E-Gateway in new window)


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