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Within-Host Evolution of Burkholderia pseudomallei over a Twelve-Year Chronic Carriage Infection

Price, Erin P., Sarovich, Derek S., Mayo, Mark J., Tuanyok, Apichai, Dress, Kevin P., Kaestli, Mirjam E., Beckstrom-Sternberg, Stephen M., Kidd, Timothy J., Bell, Scott C., Keim, Paul, Pearson, Talima and Currie, Bart J. (2013). Within-Host Evolution of Burkholderia pseudomallei over a Twelve-Year Chronic Carriage Infection. mBio,4(4):e00388-13-1-e00388-13-10.

Document type: Journal Article
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Title Within-Host Evolution of Burkholderia pseudomallei over a Twelve-Year Chronic Carriage Infection
Author Price, Erin P.
Sarovich, Derek S.
Mayo, Mark J.
Tuanyok, Apichai
Dress, Kevin P.
Kaestli, Mirjam E.
Beckstrom-Sternberg, Stephen M.
Kidd, Timothy J.
Bell, Scott C.
Keim, Paul
Pearson, Talima
Currie, Bart J.
Journal Name mBio
Publication Date 2013
Volume Number 4
Issue Number 4
ISSN 2150-7511   (check CDU catalogue open catalogue search in new window)
Scopus ID 2-s2.0-84883320119
Start Page e00388-13-1
End Page e00388-13-10
Total Pages 10
Place of Publication United States
Publisher American Society for Microbiology Press (ASM Press)
HERDC Category C1 - Journal Article (DIISR)
Abstract Burkholderia pseudomallei causes the potentially fatal disease melioidosis. It is generally accepted that B. pseudomallei is a noncommensal bacterium and that any culture-positive clinical specimen denotes disease requiring treatment. Over a 23-year study of melioidosis cases in Darwin, Australia, just one patient from 707 survivors has developed persistent asymptomatic B. pseudomallei carriage. To better understand the mechanisms behind this unique scenario, we performed whole-genome analysis of two strains isolated 139 months apart. During this period, B. pseudomallei underwent several adaptive changes. Of 23 point mutations, 78% were nonsynonymous and 43% were predicted to be deleterious to gene function, demonstrating a strong propensity for positive selection. Notably, a nonsense mutation inactivated the universal stress response sigma factor RpoS, with pleiotropic implications. The genome underwent substantial reduction, with four deletions in chromosome 2 resulting in the loss of 221 genes. The deleted loci included genes involved in secondary metabolism, environmental survival, and pathogenesis. Of 14 indels, 11 occurred in coding regions and 9 resulted in frameshift mutations that dramatically affected predicted gene products. Disproportionately, four indels affected lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and modification. Finally, we identified a frameshift mutation in both P314 isolates within wcbR, an important component of the capsular polysaccharide I locus, suggesting virulence attenuation early in infection. Our study illustrates a unique clinical case that contrasts a high-consequence infectious agent with a long-term commensal infection and provides further insights into bacterial evolution within the human host.

IMPORTANCE Some bacterial pathogens establish long-term infections that are difficult or impossible to eradicate with current treatments. Rapid advances in genome sequencing technologies provide a powerful tool for understanding bacterial persistence within the human host. Burkholderia pseudomallei is considered a highly pathogenic bacterium because infection is commonly fatal. Here, we document within-host evolution of B. pseudomallei in a unique case of human infection with ongoing chronic carriage. Genomic comparison of isolates obtained 139 months (11.5 years) apart showed a strong signal of adaptation within the human host, including inactivation of virulence and immunogenic factors, and deletion of pathways involved in environmental survival. Two global regulatory genes were mutated in the 139-month isolate, indicating extensive regulatory changes favoring bacterial persistence. Our study provides insights into B. pseudomallei pathogenesis and, more broadly, identifies parallel evolutionary mechanisms that underlie chronic persistence of all bacterial pathogens.

DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00388-13   (check subscription with CDU E-Gateway service for CDU Staff and Students  check subscription with CDU E-Gateway in new window)
Additional Notes This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Description for Link Link to CC Attribution 3.0 License
URL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/legalcode


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