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Mitogenomics of the Speartooth Shark challenges tin years of control region sequencing

Feutry, Pierre, Kyne, Peter M., Pillans, Richard D., Chen, Xiao, Naylor, Gavin J.P. and Grewe, Peter M. (). Mitogenomics of the Speartooth Shark challenges tin years of control region sequencing<br />. BMC Evolutionary Biology,14:232-240.

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Title Mitogenomics of the Speartooth Shark challenges tin years of control region sequencing
Author Feutry, Pierre
Kyne, Peter M.
Pillans, Richard D.
Chen, Xiao
Naylor, Gavin J.P.
Grewe, Peter M.
Journal Name BMC Evolutionary Biology
Year Available 2014
Volume Number 14
eISSN 1471-2148
Start Page 232
End Page 240
Total Pages 9
Place of Publication United Kingdom
Publisher BioMed Central Ltd.
Abstract Background
Mitochondrial DNA markers have long been used to identify population boundaries and are now a standard tool in conservation biology. In elasmobranchs, evolutionary rates of mitochondrial genes are low and variation between distinct populations can be hard to detect with commonly used control region sequencing or other single gene approaches. In this study we sequenced the whole mitogenome of 93 Critically Endangered Speartooth Shark Glyphis glyphis from the last three river drainages they inhabit in northern Australia.

Results
Genetic diversity was extremely low (π =0.00019) but sufficient to demonstrate the existence of barriers to gene flow among river drainages (AMOVA ΦST =0.28283, P <0.00001). Surprisingly, the comparison with single gene sub-datasets revealed that ND5 and 12S were the only ones carrying enough information to detect similar levels of genetic structure. The control region exhibited only one mutation, which was not sufficient to detect any structure among river drainages.

Conclusions
This study strongly supports the use of single river drainages as discrete management units for the conservation of G. glyphis. Furthermore when genetic diversity is low, as is often the case in elasmobranchs, our results demonstrate a clear advantage of using the whole mitogenome to inform population structure compared to single gene approaches. More specifically, this study questions the extensive use of the control region as the preferential marker for elasmobranch population genetic studies and whole mitogenome sequencing will probably uncover a large amount of cryptic population structure in future studies.
Keywords Population genetics
Elasmobranchs
Philopatry
IUCN REd List
Dispersal
D-loop
Low genetic diversity
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-014-0232-x   (check subscription with CDU E-Gateway service for CDU Staff and Students  check subscription with CDU E-Gateway in new window)
Additional Notes This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Description for Link Link to CC Attribution 4.0 License
URL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0


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