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Interventions for primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia in children (Review)

Goyal, Vikas, Masters, Ian B. and Chang, Anne B. (2005). Interventions for primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia in children (Review)<br />. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,2005(4 - Article No. CD005304).

Document type: Journal Article
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Title Interventions for primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia in children (Review)
Author Goyal, Vikas
Masters, Ian B.
Chang, Anne B.
Journal Name Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Publication Date 2005
Volume Number 2005
Issue Number 4 - Article No. CD005304
ISSN 1469-493X   (check CDU catalogue open catalogue search in new window)
Total Pages 13
Place of Publication United Kingdom
Publisher John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Language English
HERDC Category C1 - Journal Article (DEST)
Abstract Background
Tracheomalacia, a disorder of the large airways where the trachea is deformed or malformed during respiration, is commonly seen in tertiary paediatric practice. It is associated with a wide spectrum of respiratory symptoms from life-threatening recurrent apnoea to common respiratory symptoms such as chronic cough and wheeze. Current practice following diagnosis of tracheomalacia includes medical approaches aimed at reducing associated symptoms of tracheomalacia, ventilation modalities of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP), and surgical approaches aimed at improving the calibre of the airway (airway stenting, aortopexy, tracheopexy).

Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy of medical and surgical therapies for children with intrinsic (primary) tracheomalacia.

Search methods
The Cochrane Airways Group searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Cochrane Airways Group's Specialised Register, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. The Cochrane Airways Group performed the latest searches in March 2012.

Selection criteria
All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of therapies related to symptoms associated with primary or intrinsic tracheomalacia.

Data collection and analysis
Two reviewers extracted data from the included study independently and resolved disagreements by consensus.

Main results
We included one RCT that compared nebulised recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) with placebo in 40 children with airway malacia and a respiratory tract infection. We assessed it to be a RCT with overall low risk of bias. Data analysed in this review showed that there was no significant difference between groups for the primary outcome of proportion cough-free at two weeks (odds ratio (OR) 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37 to 5.14). However, the mean change in night time cough diary scores significantly favoured the placebo group (mean difference (MD) 1.00; 95% CI 0.17 to 1.83, P = 0.02). The mean change in daytime cough diary scores from baseline was also better in the placebo group compared to those on nebulised rhDNase, but the difference between groups was not statistically significant (MD 0.70; 95% CI -0.19 to 1.59). Other outcomes (dyspnoea, and difficulty in expectorating sputum scores, and lung function tests at two weeks also favoured placebo over nebulised rhDNase but did not reach levels of significance.

Authors' conclusions
There is currently an absence of evidence to support any of the therapies currently utilised for management of intrinsic tracheomalacia. It remains inconclusive whether the use of nebulised rhDNase in children with airway malacia and a respiratory tract infection worsens recovery. It is unlikely that any RCT on surgically based management will ever be available for children with severe life-threatening illness associated with tracheomalacia. For those with less severe disease, RCTs on interventions such as antibiotics and chest physiotherapy are clearly needed. Outcomes of these RCTs should include measurements of the trachea and physiological outcomes in addition to clinical outcomes.
Keywords Children
Cough
Interventions
Tracheomalacia
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005304.pub2   (check subscription with CDU E-Gateway service for CDU Staff and Students  check subscription with CDU E-Gateway in new window)


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